Manufacturing Biodegradable Bioplastics from A Mixture of Starch and Kapok Fibers with Variations of Chitosan and Glycerol

Authors

  • Rahmatullah Rahmatullah Staff Pengajar Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sriwijaya
  • Rizka Wulandar Putri Staff Pengajar Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sriwijaya
  • Enggal Nurisman Staff Pengajar Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sriwijaya
  • Yandriyani Yandriyani Staff Pengajar Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sriwijaya
  • Alek Al Hadi Staff Pengajar Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sriwijaya
  • Muhammad Anwar Raihan Mahasiswa Sarjana Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas SriwijayaJalan Raya Inderalaya-Prabumulih Km.32 Ogan Ilir (OI) 30662, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia

Keywords:

Biodegradable, Bioplastics, Chitosan, Glycerol, Kapok fiber, Strach

Abstract

Biodegradable bioplastics are the latest solution to the problem of conventional plastics which hurt the environment. Types of biodegradable bioplastics, namely starch-based plastics and cellulose-based plastics, have been developed in many studies. Cellulose can be made into biodegradable bioplastics by adding starch, plasticizers, and strengthening materials with certain variations. This research aims to determine the effect of mixing glycerol plasticizer and the concentration of chitosan on the biodegradable bioplastics produced. The variables observed started from elongation, Young's modulus, density, tensile strength, biodegradability, and water resistance. The best biodegradable bioplastics results for density, tensile strength, and percent elongation values were obtained with variations of 60% glycerol and 3 gram chitosan of 5.62 g / mL, 163.5 KPa and 4.26 KPa; Young's modulus for variations of 20% glycerol and 3-gram chitosan is 45.17 KPa; the water absorption capacity of variations of 20% glycerol and 0.5-gram chitosan is 81.5%; and the bioplastic mass degraded at a variation of 40% glycerol and 3-gram chitosan at 49.21%.

References

Agustin, Y. E., & Padmawijaya, K. S. (2016). Sintesis Bioplastik Dari Kitosan-Pati Kulit Pisang Kepok Dengan Penambahan Zat Aditif. Teknik Kimia, 10(2), 2–16.Alfatahillah, A., Fadhil, R., & Ratna, R. (2021). Karakteristik Edible Film Dengan Konsentrasi Gliserol Sebagai Plasticizer Berbasis Pati Umbi Talas. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian, 6(1), 44–52. https://doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v6i1.16657Andahera, C., Sholikhah, I., Islamiati, D. A., & Pusfitasari, M. D. (2019). Pengaruh Penambahan Jenis Dan Konsentrasi Plasticizer Terhadap Kualitas Bioplastik Berbasis Selulosa Dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit. Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2(2), 1–46. https://doi.org/10.26418/indonesian.v2i2.36901Aziz, A. A., Muryeti, & Imam, S. (2021). Perancangan Membuat Bioplastik Dari Pati Biji Durian, Kitosan, Dan Gliserol. Program Studi Teknologi Industri, 1–10.Azizaturrohmah. (2019). Perbandingan plastisizer gliserol dan sorbitol pada bioplastik pati sagu (Metroxylon sp.) dengan penambahan minyak kulit jeruk manis (citrus sinensis L.) sebagai antioksidan. Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel.Chaiarrekij, S., Apirakchaiskul, A., Suvarnakich, K., & Kiatkamjornwong, S. (2011). Characteristics of kapok fiber. In BioResources.Darni, Y., Sitorus, T. M., & Hanif, M. (2014). Produksi Bioplastik dari Sorgum dan Selulosa Secara Termoplastik. Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan. https://doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v10i2.2420Doi, Y., & Fukada, K. (1994). Biodegradable plastics and polymers. (Studies in Polymer Science, 12), edited by Y. Doi and K. Fukuda. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1994. Polymer International, 36, 299–300. https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.1995.210360311Dwi Putra, A., Pradani, Y. F., & Tjiptady, B. C. (2022). Analisis Fisika dan Kimia Material Polimer Ramah Lingkungan Edible film Berbahan Rumput Laut E-Cottonii Sebagai Pengganti Kemasan Plastik. Rotasi, 24(3), 22–28.Hayati, K., Setyaningrum, C. C., & Fatimah, S. (2020). The Effect of Chitosan Addition on Characteristics of Biodegradable Plastic from Waste of Nata de Coco using Inversion Phase. Rekayasa Bahan Alam Dan Energi Berkelanjutan, 4(1), 9–14. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.rbaet.2020.004.01.02Hilwatullisan, & Hamid, I. (2019). Pengaruh Kitosan dan Plasticizer Gliserol Dalam Pembuatan Plastik Biodegradable Dari Pati Talas. Prosiding Seminar Nasional II Hasil Litbangyasa Industri, 221–227. http://litbang.kemenperin.go.id/pmbp/article/view/5705Huri, D., & Nisa, F.C. (2014). Pengaruh Konsentrasi Gliserol dan Ekstrak Ampas Kulit Apel terhadap Karakteristik Fisik dan Kimia Edible Film. Jurnal Pangan Dan Agroindustri, 2(4), 29–40.Kaeb, H. (2006). Bioplastics: technology, markets, policies. In Kunststoffe International(p. 8). European Bioplastics.Kurniasih, M., Kartika, D., & Riyanti. (2012). Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Karboksimetil Kitosan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional LPPM Unsoed, 125–132.Muhammad, M., Ridara, R., & Masrullita, M. (2020). Sintesis Bioplastik Dari Pati Biji Alpukat Dengan Bahan Pengisi Kitosan. Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal, 9(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.29103/jtku.v9i2.3340Nurminah, M. (2002). Penelitian sifat berbagai bahan kemasan plastik dan kertas serta pengaruhnya terhadap bahan yang dikemas.USU Digital Library, 1(1), 1–15.Pathak, G., Nichter, M., Hardon, A., Moyer, E., Latkar, A., Simbaya, J., Pakasi, D., Taqueban, E., & Love, J. (2023). Plastic pollution and the open burning of plastic wastes. Global Environmental Change, 80, 102648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2023.102648Perkebunan, D. J. (2022). Statistik Perkebunan Non Unggulan Nasional 2020-2022. In Statistik Perkebunan Non Unggulan Nasional 2020-2022(2022nd ed.). Sekretariat Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan, Direktorat JenderalPerkebunan, Kementerian Pertanian.https://ditjenbun.pertanian.go.id/?publikasi=buku-statistik-perkebunan-2021-2023Pratiwi, R., Rahayu, D., & Barliana, M. I. (2016). Pemanfaatan Selulosa Dari Limbah Jerami Padi (Oryza sativa) Sebagai Bahan Bioplastik. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 3(3), 83–91.https://doi.org/10.15416/ijpst.v3i3.9406Rahmatullah, Putri, R. W., Haryati, S., Waristian, H., Saputra, A., & Kurniawan, R. (2022). Manufacture of Bioplastic Composite Method of Blending Synthetic Polymer (PP) with Natural Polymers from Kapok Fiber (Ceiba Pentandra). Chemical Engineering Transactions. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET2297041Rahmatullah, Putri, R. W., Rendana, M., Waluyo, U., & Andrianto, T. (2022). Effect of Plasticizer and Concentration on Characteristics of Bioplastic Based on Cellulose Acetate from Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) Fiber. Science and Technology Indonesia, 7(1), 73–83. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2022.7.1.73-83Ramadhan, A., Wardana, D., Rahayu, R., Fadhilla, V., Manalu, Y. S., & Eddiyanto, E. (2018). Karakterisasi Bioplastik Dari Pelepah Kelapa Sawit Dengan Penambahan Variasi Perbandingan Maizena Dan Gliserin. Einstein E-Journal, 5(2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.24114/einstein.v5i2.11836Rifaldi, A., Hs, I., & Bahruddin. (2017). Sifat Dan Morfologi Bioplastik Berbasis Pati Sagu Dengan Penambahan Filler Clay Dan Plasticizer Gliserol. Jom FTEKNIK.Rinaldi, A., Alimuddin, A., Panggabean, A. S., & Dkk. (2015). Pemurnian Asap Cair Dari Kulit Durian Dengan Menggunakan Arang Aktif (Purification of Liquid Smoke From Durian Peel’S With Activated Charcoal). Molekul, 10(2), 112–120.Sanyang, M. L., Sapuan, S. M., Jawaid, M., Ishak, M. R., & Sahari, J. (2015). Effect of plasticizer type and concentration on tensile, thermal and barrier properties of biodegradable films based on sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) starch. Polymers. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym7061106Selpiana, Patricia, & Anggraeni, P. C. (2016). Pengaruh Penambahan Kitosan dan Gliserol pada Pembuatan Bioplastik dari Ampas Tebu dan Ampas Tahu. Jurnal Teknik Kimia, 1(22), 18–24.Setiawan, A., Anggraini, F. D. M., Ramadani, T. A., Cahyono, L., & Rizal, M. C. (2021). Pemanfaatan Jerami Padi Sebagai Bioplastik Dengan Menggunakan Metode Perlakuan Pelarut Organik. METANA. https://doi.org/10.14710/metana.v17i2.42254Sinaga, R. F., Ginting, G. M., Ginting, M. H. S. and, & Hasibuan, R. (2014). Pengaruh Penambahan Gliserol terhadap Sifat Kekuatan Tarik Dan Pemanjangan Saat Putus Bioplastik Dari Pati Umbi Talas. Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU, 3(2), 19–24.Tamiogy, W. R., Kardisa, A., Hisbullah, H., & Aprilia, S. (2019). Utilization of Cellulose from Betel Nut Husk Waste as Filler in Preparation of Bioplastics. Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan, 14(1), 63–71.Wijayanti, K. P., Dermawan, N.,Faisah, S. N., Prayogi, V., Judiawan, W., Nugraha, T., & Listyorini, N. T. (2016). Bio-Degradeable Bioplastics sebagai Plastik Ramah Lingkungan. Surya Octagon Interdisciplinary Journal of Technology, 1(2), 131–153.

Downloads

Submitted

2026-04-27

Published

2024-05-30

How to Cite

Rahmatullah, R., Putri, R. W., Nurisman, E., Yandriyani, Y., Hadi, A. A., & Raihan, M. A. (2024). Manufacturing Biodegradable Bioplastics from A Mixture of Starch and Kapok Fibers with Variations of Chitosan and Glycerol. Agroindustrial Technology Journal, 8(1), 60–76. Retrieved from https://atj.journal.unida.gontor.ac.id/index.php/atj/article/view/112

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): Agroindustrial Technology Journal

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2024 The Author (s)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

The author whose published manuscript approved the following provisions:

1. The right of publication of all material published in the journal / published in the Agroindustrial Technology Journal is held by the editorial board with the knowledge of the author (moral rights remain the author of the script).

2. The formal legal provisions for access to digital articles of this electronic journal are subject to the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0), which means that Agroindustrial Technology Journal reserves the right to save, transmit media or format, Database), maintain, and publish articles without requesting permission from the Author as long as it keeps the Author's name as the owner of Copyright.
3. Printed and electronically published manuscripts are open access for educational, research and library purposes. In addition to these objectives, the editorial board shall not be liable for violations of copyright law.